Herbert Bayer
Herbert Bayer (1900 - 1985) had completed the Bauhaus curriculum as a student, and was subsequently hired as a director of printing and advertising. Along with the shift in the Bauhaus philosophy in 1923, the printing workshop at the Bauhaus also shifted from an Expressionist approach to a new one that focused on commercial, as opposed to fine art, graphics. He was appointed the head of this revamped workshop devoted to typography and advertising. Together with Gropius, Moholy-Nagy, and Kandinsky, Bayer helped shape a philosophy of functional design that extended across disciplines ranging from architecture to typography and graphic design.
Bayer’s approach to typography became the standard ‘look’ of the School, and what we associate with the Bauhaus today. In the spirit of reductive minimalism, Bayer developed a crisp visual style and adopted use of all-lowercase, sans serif typefaces for most Bauhaus publications (Figure 1). He created the Universal alphabet (Figure 2), consisting only of lower-case letters. Bayer invented Sans-Serif Typefaces at the Bauhaus. The use of rational, geometric letterforms was espoused at the Bauhaus. Typographers in the Bauhaus preferred sans serif type for three reasons. (1) It was capable of expressing the spirit of the machine age. (2) It lacked any nationalist associations, so it could serve as a unifying force in the post-war era. (3) Its simple clarity and impersonal character were the best match for photography.
Artwork


Figure 2
Herbert Bayer, The Universal Typeface 1926
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NpH9v5pPKkc/UU3anfwHsMI/AAAAAAAAGlE/a31JqnLc948/s1600/typeyeah.jpg
(accessed October 01, 2014)
Figure 1
Herbert Bayer, a poster 1928
http://www.helenarmstrong.us/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/final_54_Bayer-Kand.jpg
(accessed October 01, 2014)